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Changes: Pandoran Alphabet and Pronunciation

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The tables below illustrate the Salákian alphabet and pronunciation thereof.
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The tables below illustrate the Pandoran alphabet as well as the evolution and pronunciation thereof. At this point, the words below are transcriptions of Greek and Latin words.
  +
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==Salákian Latin alphabet==
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==Pandoran alphabet==
 
{| class="wikitable"
  
{| class="wikitable"
−
| A || B || C || D || E || F || G <sub>(GU)</sub> || H || I || K <sub>(KU)</sub> || L || M || N || O || P || R || S <sub>(SH, SU)</sub> || T || U || KS || Z
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| A || B || Γ || Δ || E || Ϝ || Z<ref>[Dz] function never present in Pandoran.</ref>|| H || Θ || Ι || K || Λ || Μ || N || Ξ || O || Π || Ϙ || Ρ || Σ || T || Υ || Φ || Χ<ref>[Ks] function never present in Pandoran.</ref> || Ψ
  ⚫
|-
  +
| Alfa || Beta || Gamma || Delta || Epsilon || Vav || Zeta || Haw || Theta || Iota || Kappa || Lambda || Mu || Nu || Ksí || Omicron || Pí || Kvoppa || Rho || Sigma || Tau || Upsilon || Fí || Chí || Psí
  ⚫
|-
 
|}
  
|}
   
−
==Salákian Latin IPA==
 +
==Pandoran IPA==
 
{| class="wikitable"
  
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
  
|-
−
! colspan="6" | Consonants <ref name="geminated">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemination Geminated] (double) consonants are written with a doubled letter except for {{IPA|/jj/}} and {{IPA|/ww/}}: ''anus'' {{IPA|/ˈa.nʊs/}}, ''annus'' {{IPA|/ˈan.nʊs/}}. In IPA, they may be written as double or be followed by the length sign: {{IPA|/nn/}} or {{IPA|/nː/}}.</ref>
 +
! colspan="5" | Consonants <ref>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemination Geminate] (double) consonants are written with a doubled letter except for /jj/ and /vv/: ''ανυς'' /ˈa.nʊs/, ''αννυσ'' /ˈan.nʊς/. In IPA, they may be written as double or be followed by the length sign: /nn/ or /nː/.</ref>
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! IPA
−
! rowspan="2" | Letter(s)
  
  +
! Ancient
−
! rowspan="2" | Environment
  
  +
! Modern
−
! colspan="2" | IPA
  
  +
! Example(s)
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! rowspan="2" | Native
  
−
! rowspan="2" | English
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! English
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_stop b] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"| β || '''B'''ρύτυς || '''b'''uoy
−
! Phonemic notation !! Phonetic notation
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_stop g] || style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2;" colspan="2"| γ || '''γ'''ραϝις || '''g'''ear
−
| b<ref name="Italian-derived">These (b, c, sh) are derived from Italian, with (b)'s origin as the (du) digraph.</ref> || in all cases || /b/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_stop b] || '''b'''ellum || '''b'''ean
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_nasal#Palatal_or_alveolo-palatal ɲ] || ι'''γ'''νις || i'''g'''neous
−
| c<ref name="Phonemic-matching">These (tʃ, ɛ, ŋ, ɪ, ɔ, ʀ, ʃ, ʊ) appear as (ch, e, g, i, o, r, sh, u) in Furcadia character descriptions.</ref> || in all cases || /ch/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate tʃ] || '''c'''iao || '''ch'''in
  
 
|-
  
|-
  ⚫
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labialization gʷ]<ref>Appears as [gw] in Furcadia descriptions.</ref> || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Labialized_voiced_velar_plosive.ogg γϝ] || λιν'''γϝ'''α || '''Gw'''en
−
| d || in all cases || /d/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_stops#Alveolar d] || '''d'''ekem || '''d'''eck
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| f || in all cases || /f/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative f] || '''f'''akio || '''f'''an
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_stops#Alveolar d] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"| δ || '''δ'''εκεμ || '''d'''eck
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative v] || style="background-color: darkgray" | || style="text-align: center" | ϝ || rowspan="2" | '''ϝ'''ερβυμ || '''v'''est
−
| rowspan="2" | g || in most cases || rowspan="2" | /g/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_velar_stop g] || '''g'''ravis || '''g'''ear
  
 
|-
  
|-
  ⚫
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labio-velar_approximant w] || style="text-align: center"| ϝ || style="background-color: darkgray" | || '''w'''est
−
| before /n/ || [ŋ] || i'''g'''nis || i'''g'''neous
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative#Voiced_alveolar_sibilant z] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"| ζ || '''ζ'''έλυς || '''z'''est
⚫
| gu || before a vowel || /gᶣ/ || [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Labialized_voiced_velar_plosive.ogg gw] || lin'''gu'''a || '''Gw'''en
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| h || in all cases || /h/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative h] || '''h'''abeo || '''h'''er
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative h] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2"| η || '''η'''αβεο || '''h'''er
 
|-
  
|-
−
| i || in all cases || /j/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_approximant#Palatal j] || '''i'''ús || '''y'''odel
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palatal_approximant#Palatal j] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ι, ϊ || '''ι'''ύς || '''y'''odel
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan="2" | k || unaspirated || /k/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_stop k] || '''k'''aput || s'''c'''ar
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_stop k] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | κ || '''κ'''απυτ || s'''c'''ar
 
|-
  
|-
−
| aspirated<ref name="Greek-derived">The aspirated consonants (kʰ, pʰ, tʰ) and (z) are Greek derivations.</ref> || /kʰ/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant kh] || '''k'''arta || '''c'''ar
 +
| style="color: red" | [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspirated_consonant kʰ] || style="text-align: center" | χ || style="background-color: darkgray" | || rowspan="2" | '''χ'''αρτα || '''c'''ar
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_affricate tʃ]<ref>These [tʃ, ɫ, ɾ, r] appears as [ch, ll, r, rr], respectively, in Furcadia descriptions.</ref> || style="background-color: darkgray" | || style="text-align: center" | χ || '''ch'''in
⚫
| ku || digraph || /kᶣ/ || [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Labialized_voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg kw] || '''ku'''í (nom.) || '''qu'''est
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan="2" | l || in most cases || rowspan="2" | /l/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_lateral_approximants l] || '''l'''oka || '''l'''eave
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative ks] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ξ || νι'''ξ''' || o'''x'''
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| kv || style="background-color: darkgray" | || style="text-align: center" | ϙ || rowspan="2" | '''ϙ'''í || '''Kv'''apil, as digraph
−
| doubled<ref>Appears as (ll) in Furcadia descriptions.</ref> || [ɫ] || mu'''l'''ta || a'''ll'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
  ⚫
| [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Labialized_voiceless_velar_plosive.ogg kʷ] || style="text-align: center" | ϙ || style="background-color: darkgray" | || '''qu'''est
−
| m || in all cases || /m/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilabial_nasal m] || '''m'''anus || '''m'''an
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| n || in all cases || /n/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals#Alveolar n] || '''n'''oster || '''n'''ext
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_lateral_approximants l] || style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2;" colspan="2" | λ || '''λ'''oκα || '''l'''eave
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan="2" | p || unaspirated || /p/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_stop p] || '''p'''aks || s'''p'''an
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_lateral_approximants#Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant ɫ] || μυ'''λ'''τα || a'''ll'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
| aspirated || /pʰ/ || [ph] || '''p'''aretra || '''p'''ar
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilabial_nasal m] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | μ || '''μ'''ανυσ || '''m'''an
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan="2" | r || in most cases || rowspan="2" | /r/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_flaps r] || d'''r'''akó || d'''r'''agon
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_nasals#Alveolar n] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ν || '''ν'''οςτερ || '''n'''ext
 
|-
  
|-
−
| word-initially<br />after /g, n, s/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_trills ʀ] || '''r'''egó || '''r'''un, but trilled
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_stop p] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | π || '''π'''αξ || s'''p'''an
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| ps || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ψ || '''ψ'''αικί || la'''ps'''e
⚫
| s || in all cases || /s/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative#Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant s] || '''s'''um || '''s'''end
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| sh || in all cases || /sh/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palato-alveolar_sibilant ʃ] || fa'''sc'''e || '''sh'''y
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_flaps ɾ] || style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2;" colspan="2" | ρ || δ'''ρ'''ακό || d'''r'''agon
 
|-
  
|-
−
| su || digraph || /sᶣ/ || [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Labialized_voiceless_alveolar_sibilant1.ogg sw] || '''Su'''étónia || '''sw'''ear
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental,_alveolar_and_postalveolar_trills r] || '''ρ'''εγιο || '''r'''un, but trilled
 
|-
  
|-
−
| rowspan="2" | t || unaspirated || /t/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_stops#Alveolar t] || '''t'''abula || S'''t'''an
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_trill r̥] || style="text-align: center" | ῥ || style="background-color: darkgray" | || '''Ῥ'''έα || diar'''rh'''ea
 
|-
  
|-
  ⚫
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative#Voiceless_alveolar_sibilant s] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ς || '''ς'''υμ || '''s'''end
−
| aspirated || /tʰ/ || [th] || '''t'''alama || '''t'''ar
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| sv || style="background-color: darkgray" | || style="text-align: center" | ςϝ || rowspan="2" | '''Σϝ'''έτόνια || '''sv'''elte, [sv] pron.
⚫
| u || in all cases || /w/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_labio-velar_approximant w] || '''u'''erbum || '''w'''est
  
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| [https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Labialized_voiceless_alveolar_sibilant1.ogg sʷ] || style="text-align: center" | ςϝ || style="background-color: darkgray" | || '''sw'''ear
−
| ks || in all cases || /ks/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative ks] || ni'''ks''' || o'''x'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| z || in all cases || /z/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative#Voiced_alveolar_sibilant z] || '''z'''élus || '''z'''est
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_and_alveolar_stops#Alveolar t] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | τ || '''τ'''αβυλα || S'''t'''an
  +
|-
  +
| tʰ || style="text-align: center" | θ || style="background-color: darkgray" | || style="text-align: center;" rowspan="2" | Πρoμέ'''θ'''εύς || '''t'''ar
  +
|-
  +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative θ]<ref>The dental fricatives [θ, ð] appears as [th] in Furcadia descriptions.</ref> || style="background-color: darkgray" | || style="text-align: center" | θ || '''th'''ong
  +
|-
  +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative ð] || style="background-color: darkgray" | || style="text-align: center" | ð || '''θ'''αλαςςα || '''th'''is
  +
|-
  +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative f] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | φ || '''φ'''ακιο || '''f'''an
 
|}
  
|}
   
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! colspan="5" | Vowels
  
! colspan="5" | Vowels
 
|-
  
|-
  +
! IPA
−
! rowspan="2" | Letter(s)
  
  +
! Ancient
−
! colspan="2" | IPA
  
  +
! Modern
−
! rowspan="2" | Salákian
  
  +
! Example(s)
−
! rowspan="2" | English
  
  +
! English
⚫
|-
  
−
! Phonemic notation !! Phonetic notation
  
 
|-
  
|-
 
! colspan="5" | <center>Monophthongs</center>
  
! colspan="5" | <center>Monophthongs</center>
 
|-
  
|-
−
| a || /a/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel a] || '''a'''nima || h'''a'''t {{wpl|Received Pronunciation}} (RP)
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel a] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | α || '''α'''νιμα || h'''a'''t [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Received_Pronunciation Received Pronunciation] (RP)
 
|-
  
|-
−
| á || /aː/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel aː]<ref name="Trailing colon">The long vowels (aː, ɛː, ɪː, ɔː, ʊː) appear as (a:, e:, i:, o:, u:) in Furcadia descriptions.</ref> || '''á'''ker || f'''a'''ther
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel ᴀ]<ref>The long vowels [ᴀ, e, i, o, u] appear as [a:, e:, i:, o:, u:] in Furcadia descriptions.</ref> || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ά || '''ά'''κερ || f'''a'''ther
 
|-
  
|-
−
| e || /e/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel ɛ] || '''e'''st || m'''e'''t
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel ɛ]<ref>These vowels [ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ] appear as [e, i, o, u] in Furcadia descriptions.</ref> || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ε || '''ε'''στ || m'''e'''t
 
|-
  
|-
−
| é || /eː/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel ɛː] || '''é'''lektus || m'''a'''de
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel e] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | έ || '''έ'''λεκτυς || m'''a'''de
 
|-
  
|-
−
| i || /i/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel ɪ] || '''i'''nk'''i'''p'''i'''t || m'''i'''t
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel y] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ὲ || κ'''ὲ'''μα || f'''ew'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
| í || /iː/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel ɪː] || '''í'''ra || m'''ee'''t
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel ɪ] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ι || '''ι'''νκ'''ι'''π'''ι'''τ || m'''i'''t
 
|-
  
|-
−
| o || /o/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel ɔ] || '''o'''mnis || l'''o'''t (RP)
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel i] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ί || '''ί'''ρα || m'''ee'''t
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ó || /oː/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel ɔː] || daim'''ó'''n || c'''o'''de
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel ɔ] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ο || '''ο'''μνις || l'''o'''t (RP)
 
|-
  
|-
−
| u || /u/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel ʊ] || '''u'''rbs || p'''u'''t
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel o] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ό || δαιμ'''ό'''ν || c'''o'''de
 
|-
  
|-
−
| ú || /uː/ || [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel ʊː] || l'''ú'''na || m'''oo'''n
 +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel ʊ] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | υ || '''υ'''ρβς || p'''u'''t
 
|-
  
|-
  +
| [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel u] || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | ύ || λ'''ύ'''να || m'''oo'''n
⚫
! colspan="5" | <center>Diphthongs<ref name="Parenthetic alphabetical">These (aɪ̯, aʊ̯, ɛʊ̯, ɔɪ̯, ʊɪ̯) appear as ((ai), (au), (eu), (oi), (ui)) in Furcadia descriptions.</ref></center>
  
 
|-
  
|-
  ⚫
! colspan="5" | <center>Diphthongs <ref>These [aɪ̯, aʊ̯, ɔɪ̯] appear as [(ai), (au), (oi)] in Furcadia descriptions.</ref></center>
−
| ai || /aɪ̯/ || [aɪ̯] || '''ai'''tás || '''eye'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
−
| au || /au̯/ || [aʊ̯] || '''au'''rum || '''ow'''
 +
| aɪ̯ || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | αι || '''αι'''τάς || '''eye'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
| eu || /eu̯/ || [ɛʊ̯] || s'''eu''' || '''eh-oo'''
 +
| aʊ̯ || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | αυ || '''αυ'''ρυμ || '''ow'''
 
|-
  
|-
−
| oi || /oɪ̯/ || [ɔɪ̯] || p'''oi'''na || b'''oy'''
 +
| ɔɪ̯ || style="text-align: center;" colspan="2" | οι || π'''οι'''να || b'''oy'''
 
|-
  
|-
  ⚫
! colspan="5" | <center>Nasal vowels</center>
−
| ui || /ui̯/ || [ʊɪ̯] || k'''ui''' (dat.) || '''oo-ee'''
  
 
|-
  
|-
  ⚫
| ◌̃<ref>These [ã, ɛ̃, ɪ̃, ɔ̃, ʊ̃, ỹ] appear as [a#, e#, i#, o#, u#, y#] in Furcadia descriptions.</ref>
⚫
! colspan="5" | <center>{{wpl|Nasal vowel}}s</center>
  
⚫
|-
  
−
| V after (m) or (n)
  
−
| /short vowel/
  
⚫
| [◌̃]<ref name="Hash-trailed">These (ã, ɛ̃, ɪ̃, ɔ̃, ʊ̃) appear as (a#, e#, i#, o#, u#) in Furcadia descriptions.</ref>
  
−
| '''ni'''mbus
  
 
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
  
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
  +
| style="text-align: center" | μV, νV
  +
| '''νι'''μβυς
  +
| Short nasal vowels
 
|-
  
|-
  ⚫
| ◌̃ː<ref>These [ᴀ̃, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ] appear as [a;, e;, i;, o;, u;] in Furcadia descriptions.</ref>
−
| V before word-final (m)<br>V+n before (f) or (s)
 +
| colspan="2" | V before word-final (μ)<br />V+ν before (φ, ς)
−
| /long vowel/
  
  ⚫
| μ'''ον'''ςτρ'''υμ'''
⚫
| [◌̃ː]<ref name="Semicolon-trailed">These (ãː, ɛ̃ː, ɪ̃ː, ɔ̃ː, ʊ̃ː) appear as (a;, e;, i;, o;, u;) in Furcadia descriptions.</ref>
  
  +
| Long nasal vowels
⚫
| m'''on'''str'''um'''
  
−
| style="background-color: darkgray" |
  
 
|}
  
|}
  +
−  
 
{| class="wikitable"
  
{| class="wikitable"
 
|-
  
|-
Line 143: Line 150:
 
|-
  
|-
 
| <big>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(linguistics) ˈ]</big><ref>Appears as (') in Furcadia descriptions.</ref>
  
| <big>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_(linguistics) ˈ]</big><ref>Appears as (') in Furcadia descriptions.</ref>
−
| rowspan="2" | Gaius<br>{{IPA|/ˈɡaɪ̯.us/}}
 +
| rowspan="2" | Γαιυς<br>/ˈɡaɪ̯.ʊs/
 
| Placed before the stressed syllable.
  
| Placed before the stressed syllable.
 
|-
  
|-
Line 149: Line 156:
 
| Syllable marker, generally between vowels in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hiatus_(linguistics) hiatus]
  
| Syllable marker, generally between vowels in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hiatus_(linguistics) hiatus]
 
|}
  
|}
  +
−  
 
===Notes===
  
===Notes===
 
<references/>
  
<references/>
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==Stress==
  
==Stress==
 
To determine stress, consider the final syllable as extra metric; then place the accent on the syllable with the penult metric mora. For example:<br />
  
To determine stress, consider the final syllable as extra metric; then place the accent on the syllable with the penult metric mora. For example:<br />
−
''Konditum'' ("founded") <ko•n—di—tum> ['kɔn.dɪ.tʊ̃ː]<br />
 +
''Koνδιτυμ'' ("founded") <ko•n—di—tum> ['kɔn.dɪ.tʊ̃ː]<br />
−
''Kondítum'' ("seasoned") <ko•n—di•i—tum> [kɔn'dɪː.tʊ̃ː]<br />
 +
''Koνδίτυμ'' ("seasoned") <ko•n—di•i—tum> [kɔn'dɪː.tʊ̃ː]<br />
−
''Konduktum'' ("brought together") <ko•n—du•k—tum> [kɔn'dʊk.tʊ̃ː]
 +
''Koνδυκτυμ'' ("brought together") <ko•n—du•k—tum> [kɔn'dʊk.tʊ̃ː]

Latest revision as of 05:12, 11 July 2017

The tables below illustrate the Pandoran alphabet as well as the evolution and pronunciation thereof. At this point, the words below are transcriptions of Greek and Latin words.

Pandoran alphabet[]

A B Γ Δ E Ϝ Z[1] H Θ Ι K Λ Μ N Ξ O Π Ϙ Ρ Σ T Υ Φ Χ[2] Ψ
Alfa Beta Gamma Delta Epsilon Vav Zeta Haw Theta Iota Kappa Lambda Mu Nu Ksí Omicron Pí Kvoppa Rho Sigma Tau Upsilon Fí Chí Psí

Pandoran IPA[]

Consonants [3]
IPA Ancient Modern Example(s) English
b β Bρύτυς buoy
g γ γραϝις gear
ɲ ιγνις igneous
gʷ[4] γϝ λινγϝα Gwen
d δ δεκεμ deck
v ϝ ϝερβυμ vest
w ϝ west
z ζ ζέλυς zest
h η ηαβεο her
j ι, ϊ ιύς yodel
k κ καπυτ scar
kʰ χ χαρτα car
tʃ[5] χ chin
ks ξ νιξ ox
kv ϙ ϙí Kvapil, as digraph
kʷ ϙ quest
l λ λoκα leave
ɫ μυλτα all
m μ μανυσ man
n ν νοςτερ next
p π παξ span
ps ψ ψαικί lapse
ɾ ρ δρακό dragon
r ρεγιο run, but trilled
r̥ ῥ Ῥέα diarrhea
s ς ςυμ send
sv ςϝ Σϝέτόνια svelte, [sv] pron.
sʷ ςϝ swear
t τ ταβυλα Stan
tʰ θ Πρoμέθεύς tar
θ[6] θ thong
ð ð θαλαςςα this
f φ φακιο fan
Vowels
IPA Ancient Modern Example(s) English
Monophthongs
a α ανιμα hat Received Pronunciation (RP)
ᴀ[7] ά άκερ father
ɛ[8] ε εστ met
e έ έλεκτυς made
y ὲ κὲμα few
ɪ ι ινκιπιτ mit
i ί ίρα meet
ɔ ο ομνις lot (RP)
o ό δαιμόν code
ʊ υ υρβς put
u ύ λύνα moon
Diphthongs [9]
aɪ̯ αι αιτάς eye
aʊ̯ αυ αυρυμ ow
ɔɪ̯ οι ποινα boy
Nasal vowels
◌̃[10] μV, νV νιμβυς Short nasal vowels
◌̃ː[11] V before word-final (μ)
V+ν before (φ, ς) 		μονςτρυμ Long nasal vowels
Prosody
IPA Examples Info
ˈ[12] Γαιυς
/ˈɡaɪ̯.ʊs/ 		Placed before the stressed syllable.
.[13] Syllable marker, generally between vowels in hiatus

Notes[]

  1. ↑ [Dz] function never present in Pandoran.
  2. ↑ [Ks] function never present in Pandoran.
  3. ↑ Geminate (double) consonants are written with a doubled letter except for /jj/ and /vv/: ανυς /ˈa.nʊs/, αννυσ /ˈan.nʊς/. In IPA, they may be written as double or be followed by the length sign: /nn/ or /nː/.
  4. ↑ Appears as [gw] in Furcadia descriptions.
  5. ↑ These [tʃ, ɫ, ɾ, r] appears as [ch, ll, r, rr], respectively, in Furcadia descriptions.
  6. ↑ The dental fricatives [θ, ð] appears as [th] in Furcadia descriptions.
  7. ↑ The long vowels [ᴀ, e, i, o, u] appear as [a:, e:, i:, o:, u:] in Furcadia descriptions.
  8. ↑ These vowels [ɛ, ɪ, ɔ, ʊ] appear as [e, i, o, u] in Furcadia descriptions.
  9. ↑ These [aɪ̯, aʊ̯, ɔɪ̯] appear as [(ai), (au), (oi)] in Furcadia descriptions.
  10. ↑ These [ã, ɛ̃, ɪ̃, ɔ̃, ʊ̃, ỹ] appear as [a#, e#, i#, o#, u#, y#] in Furcadia descriptions.
  11. ↑ These [ᴀ̃, ẽ, ĩ, õ, ũ] appear as [a;, e;, i;, o;, u;] in Furcadia descriptions.
  12. ↑ Appears as (') in Furcadia descriptions.
  13. ↑ Appears as (.) in Furcadia descriptions.

Stress[]

To determine stress, consider the final syllable as extra metric; then place the accent on the syllable with the penult metric mora. For example:
Koνδιτυμ ("founded") <ko•n—di—tum> ['kɔn.dɪ.tʊ̃ː]
Koνδίτυμ ("seasoned") <ko•n—di•i—tum> [kɔn'dɪː.tʊ̃ː]
Koνδυκτυμ ("brought together") <ko•n—du•k—tum> [kɔn'dʊk.tʊ̃ː]

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